Arrays

Learning Intentions

Describe, use and exemplify several data types
Describe and use 1D arrays

Success Criteria

Be able to explain the different data types and what they do
Be able to explain what a 1D array is and use them in code

Arrays

An array is a data structure.
Arrays let programmers store ‘lists’ of related data in one data structure.
For example, we could use an array to store pupil marks.
Each value in a list is given its own position/index value so it can easily be referenced.
Arrays can be assigned to variables.

Arrays

Often a program will have to store lots of information at the one time, for example, when a teacher is entering in the names of all their pupils. It is unrealistic to have a separate variable for each of the names (StudentName1, StudentName2….etc).
Arrays allow the programmer to store more than one piece of data within a single data structure.

Declaring an array

The element data type can be integers, reals, Booleans, characters or string

Declaring an array

strings = [""] * 5
integers = [0] * 5
reals = [0.0] * 5
booleans = [False] * 5
characters = [""] * 5

Assume we have the following program

pupil1Name = "Matthew"
pupil2Name = "Charlie"
pupil3Name = "Emilis"
pupil4Name = "Cameron"
pupil5Name = "Logan"
pupil6Name = "Ruaridh"
pupil7Name = "Jasmine"
pupil8Name = "Ignacy"
pupil9Name = "Findlay"
pupil10Name = "Aimee"
pupil11Name = "Lucas"
pupil12Name = "Billy"
pupil13Name = "AJ"

The problem

Now what happens if we wanted to add another pupil called Jordan? We would have to now add in another variable this time called pupil14Name.
But what if on one occasion we only had 3 pupils, not 13? Our program is hard coded/fixed to accept 7 pupils. This is where we can use arrays.

The fix - using an array

pupils = [""] * 14
pupils[0] = "Matthew"
pupils[1] = "Charlie"
pupils[2] = "Emilis"
pupils[3] = "Cameron"
pupils[4] = "Logan"
pupils[5] = "Ruaridh"
pupils[6] = "Jasmine"
pupils[7] = "Ignacy"
pupils[8] = "Findlay"
pupils[9] = "Aimee"
pupils[10] = "Lucas"
pupils[11] = "Billy"
pupils[12] = "AJ"
pupils[13] = "Jordan"

There still exists a problem with this program

This program is still stuck with 14 pupils, what if we wanted to ask the user to tell us how many pupils they have?

This comes up a lot in National 5 assignments!

The fix - using an array

print("Please insert the number of pupils required.")
numberOfPupilsRequired = int(input())

pupils = [""] * numberOfPupilsRequired

for i in range(0, numberOfPupils):
  print("Please insert the name of pupil", i, ".")
  pupils[i] = input()

The benefits of arrays

Arrays save time when declaring variables as all we need to do is specify how many elements (the parts that make up an array) we need and the type of the array.
Arrays can be resized as the program runs (as shown before)
Arrays tie very nicely to fixed and conditional loops
Arrays use less memory than several variables, can you think why?

In SQA Reference language

When you are asked a question in an exam paper in the SQA reference language, for example to fill in a line where an array should be, you should use the following syntax:

This defines an empty array – that is each element of the array contains an empty string, denoted by the ""

DECLARE playerNames AS ARRAY OF STRING INITIALLY [""]*7

Work through the arrays worksheet

Arrays

Learning Intentions

Success Criteria

Arrays

Arrays

Declaring an array

Declaring an array

Assume we have the following program

The problem

The fix - using an array

There still exists a problem with this program

The fix - using an array

The benefits of arrays

In SQA Reference language

Task