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Computer Architecture

Learning Intentions

  • Understand the term computer architecture

  • Understand the term input-process-output

  • Be able to identify several key input and output devices

Success Criteria

  • I have an understanding of what computer architecture is
  • I can identify the parts of the Von Neuman Diagram
  • I can identify input and output devices

Computing in World war II

  • Computing gained traction during World War II with the Germans inventing a device called the Enigma Machine.

  • The Enigma Machine was used to send secret messages to submarine commander and ship captains using a form of encryption.

  • The British (that's us!) wanted to be able to read these messages and so they would need to figure out how the messages are encrypted. The only problem was, the way they were encrypted changed daily, meaning there were over ten million ways it could be encrypted each day!

Computing in World war II: Alan Turing

  • A man called Alan Turing built a machine that could break the Enigma code and the messages that were encoded using the Engima Machine each day.

  • This design was one of the early examples of electronic computers being used successfully and lead to the development of the von Neumann Architecture.

John Von Neumann

  • John von Neumann was a Hungarian mathematician who moved to the US in 1933.

  • After the Germans invaded Hungary in 1940, von Neumann chose to help the Allied war effort and was involved in the development of the first nuclear weapons.

  • After his research into nuclear technology, he looked into what Alan Turing had done during World War II and produced some of the most important research on computer science to date.

  • He is often considered one of the most influential people in the development of the computer.

Input > process > Output

How does a computer work?

Input

Storage

Memory

Output

Processor

Input devices provide data to the computer

Output devices receive data from the computer

Memory is like short-term memory and stores what the computer is doing at that moment

Storage devices are like the computers long-term memory, it allows it to 'remember' things

How does a computer work?

Input

Storage

Memory

Output

Processor

Input devices provide data to the computer

Output devices receive data from the computer

Memory is like short-term memory and stores what the computer is doing at that moment

Storage devices are like the computers long-term memory, it allows it to 'remember' things

How does a computer work?

Input

Storage

Memory

Output

Processor

Input devices provide data to the computer

Output devices receive data from the computer

Memory is like short-term memory and stores what the computer is doing at that moment

Storage devices are like the computers long-term memory, it allows it to 'remember' things

How does a computer work?

Input

Storage

Memory

Output

Processor

Input devices provide data to the computer

Output devices receive data from the computer

Memory is like short-term memory and stores what the computer is doing at that moment

Storage devices are like the computers long-term memory, it allows it to 'remember' things

How does a computer work?

Input

Storage

Memory

Output

Processor

Input devices provide data to the computer

Output devices receive data from the computer

Memory is like short-term memory and stores what the computer is doing at that moment

Storage devices are like the computers long-term memory, it allows it to 'remember' things

How does a computer work?

Input

Storage

Memory

Output

Processor

Input devices provide data to the computer

Output devices receive data from the computer

Memory is like short-term memory and stores what the computer is doing at that moment

Storage devices are like the computers long-term memory, it allows it to 'remember' things

The processor is often considered to be the most significant part of a computer as it's the part of the computer responsible for making decisions and calculations.

Buses

  • Components in the computer (the memory, storage, and processor etc) all connect through something called a bus.
  • Buses carry commands and data between these components. 
  • Some buses are only one-directional and can only transmit data and not receive anything back

Reading data

  • When a computer receives an input, it carries out three steps:
    • it reads this input data (input)
    • it then decodes the information before (process)
    • finally, it executes the data (output)

How have computers changed?

Discuss how computers have changed since those shown below

Devices

  • A device is something we can use with a computer.
  • Sometimes devices are plugged into a computer using a connector and sometimes they connect wirelessly.
  • Devices can be classed as either an input or output device.
    • An input device takes in data and sends it to the processor
    • An output device receives data from the processor and outputs it to the user (or another device)

Device detective

  • For the next task, you're going to be looking up some of the interesting devices you can get for your computer and adding your own description of what it is.
  • Go to balf.io/device-detective for a copy of the PowerPoint

micro:bits task

  • We're going to use the micro:bits for this lesson. 
  • Go to https://balf.io/micro:bit
  • Create a new project and call it IPO
  • Your program should:
    • Display a happy face when button A is pressed
    • Display a sad face when button B is pressed
  • Extension: add a feature so it shows a random face when the user shakes the device

Lesson plenary

For the next few images:

  • Stand up if the device is an input device
  • Stay seated if the device is an output device
  • Stand up and turn 360 degrees if the device is a storage device

Lesson plenary

For the next few images:

  • Stand up if the device is an input device
  • Stay seated if the device is an output device
  • Stand up and turn 360 degrees if the device is a storage device

Mouse

Lesson plenary

Speakers

For the next few images:

  • Stand up if the device is an input device
  • Stay seated if the device is an output device
  • Stand up and turn 360 degrees if the device is a storage device

Lesson plenary

Keyboard

For the next few images:

  • Stand up if the device is an input device
  • Stay seated if the device is an output device
  • Stand up and turn 360 degrees if the device is a storage device

Lesson plenary

USB drive

For the next few images:

  • Stand up if the device is an input device
  • Stay seated if the device is an output device
  • Stand up and turn 360 degrees if the device is a storage device

Lesson plenary

Controller

For the next few images:

  • Stand up if the device is an input device
  • Stay seated if the device is an output device
  • Stand up and turn 360 degrees if the device is a storage device

Lesson plenary

Monitor

For the next few images:

  • Stand up if the device is an input device
  • Stay seated if the device is an output device
  • Stand up and turn 360 degrees if the device is a storage device

Lesson plenary

Printer

For the next few images:

  • Stand up if the device is an input device
  • Stay seated if the device is an output device
  • Stand up and turn 360 degrees if the device is a storage device

Lesson plenary

USB hard drive

For the next few images:

  • Stand up if the device is an input device
  • Stay seated if the device is an output device
  • Stand up and turn 360 degrees if the device is a storage device
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Computer Architecture
© 2020 - 2025 J Balfour
14:38 | 15-05-2025
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